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- **************************************
- * Anion exchangers family signatures *
- **************************************
-
- Anion exchange is a cellular transport function which contributes to the
- regulation of cell pH and volume. Anion exchangers are a family of
- functionally related proteins that contributes to these properties by
- maintaining the intracellular level of the two principal anions: chloride and
- HCO3-.
-
- The best characterized anion exchanger is the band 3 protein [1], which is an
- erythrocyte anion exchange membrane glycoprotein. Band 3 is a protein of about
- 900 amino acids which consists of a cytoplasmic N-terminal domain of about 400
- residues and an hydrophobic C-terminal section of about 500 residues that
- contains at least ten transmembrane regions. The cytoplasmic domain provides
- binding sites for cytoskeletal proteins, while the integral membrane domain
- is responsible for anion transport.
-
- Band 3 protein is specific to erythroid cells, at least two other proteins [2]
- structurally and functionally related to band 3, are found in nonerythroid
- tissues:
-
- - AE2 (or B3 related protein; B3RP), a protein of 1200 residues, which seems
- to be present in a variety of cell types including lymphoid, kidney, and
- choroid plexus.
- - AE3, a protein of 1200 residues, which is specific to neurons.
-
- Structurally AE2 and AE3 are very similar to band 3, the main difference being
- an extension of some 300 residues of the N-terminal domain in AE2 and AE3.
-
- We developed two signature patterns for these proteins. The first pattern is
- based on a conserved stretch of sequence that contains four clustered positive
- charged residues and which is located at the C-terminal extremity of the
- cytoplasmic domain, just before the first transmembrane segment from the
- integral domain. The second pattern is based on the perfectly conserved
- sequence of the fifth transmembrane segment; this segment contains a lysine,
- which is the covalent binding site for the isothiocyanate group of DIDS, an
- inhibitor of anion exchange.
-
- -Consensus pattern: F-G-G-[LIVM](2)-[KR]-D-[LIVM]-[RK]-R-R-Y
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [FI]-L-I-S-L-I-F-I-Y-E-T-F-x-K-L
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: October 1993 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Jay D., Cantley L.
- Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55:511-538(1986).
- [ 2] Reithmeier R.A.F.
- Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 3:515-523(1993).
-